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Blue-Green Biodiversity Beavers affecting Ecosystems
This is the metadata collected in the Blue-Green Biodiversity Beavers project running from 2021 till 2025 about how beavers affect the biodiversity and ecosystem. See the linked datasets for studies and methods.
Long-term biomass dynamics of temperate forests in Europe after cessation of management
This dataset documents the analyses and the plot generation for the manuscript **Long-term biomass dynamics in temperate forests in Europe after cessation of management**. We analyse biomass development in an extensive network of 224 plots in 37 natural forest reserves (NFR) covering a wide environmental gradient with mean annual temperatures ranging from 1 to 10.4 °C and mean annual precipitation ranging from 901 to 2317 mm. Forest inventories have been conducted approximately every 10 years during the last 60 years. It consists of the following files: + **Long_term_biomass_script.Rmd**: R markdown document to reproduce the analysis and the plot generation. + **dat_biomass.RDS**: Biomass values for each permanent plot at each inventory. This dataset is used for data exploration and for the Biomass model, and to create Figure 2 and Figure 3. + **dat_biomass_change.RDS**: Biomass change values between inventories for each permanent plot. It includes the explanatory variables as well. This dataset is used for the Biomass change model and to create Figure 4 and Figure 5. + **NFI_climspace_netCDF.RDS**: Climatic space covered by the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) that is used in Figure 5.
Continuity in morphological disparity in tropical reef fishes across evolutionary scales
Tropical reef fishes exhibit a large disparity of organismal morphologies contributing to their astonishing biodiversity. Morphological disparity, scaling from differences among individuals within populations to differences among species, is governed by ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we examined the relationship between intra- and interspecific disparity in 1111 individuals from 17 tropical reef fish species, representing 10 families with different dispersal abilities, across four Indian Ocean regions. We compared intraspecific measurements with species-level measures from a database of 1061 reef fish species. Species with high morphological disparity among individuals from distinct regions are found to be nested in families that display a high disparity among their genera. We show an association between the morphological disparity at the intra- and interspecific levels for several morphological ratios such as the caudal peduncle elongation. We evaluated the link between morphological disparity and genetic diversity with species dispersal ability. A structural equation model indicates that dispersal ability correlates positively with species genetic diversity, which is associated with morphological disparity. Our results suggest that traits associated with dispersal may foster gene flow and morphological evolution. However, future works combining genomic, morphological and environmental data across more species is necessary to generalize these findings to other regions.
Alpthal, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1997 onwards
High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for one meteorological station in Alpthal in Switzerland which is located within a natural coniferous forest (ALB) with Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 180-230 yrs) as dominant tree species. The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Alpthal is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.
Water isotope signatures in Swiss forest ecosystems in 2021 and 2022
The isotope composition of different forest water pools was analyzed at 10 sites of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research programme in 2021 and 2022. The sampling was done during the vegetation season and included fortnightly xylem water samples taken by stem increment cores and each year 3 bulk soil water sampling campaigns (in April, June, September of 2021 and 2022). Both sample types were cryogenically extracted at WSL and analyzed on a Picarro 2140 with Micro-Combustion-Module. Gravimetric water content in both sample types was computed based on pre-and post-extraction weights. In addition to xylem and bulk soil waters, we analyzed the isotope composition of soil solution from a suction cup lysimeters in three soil depths 0, 15, 50, 80 cm and precipitation from samplers below the canopy and outside of the forest, all collected fortnightly from collection periods of varying length (longest from 2017-2022). Precipitation samples are further described [here](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.lwf.15). Lysimeter samples are described further [here](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.lwf.28).
Tectonic and climatic controls on plant biodiversity in the Hengduan Mountains China
This dataset includes geomorphic predictors and plant biodiversity patterns in the Hengduan Mountains, published in the Geological Society of London special volume: Asian Geodynamics, Climate and Biodiversity (https://doi.org/10.1144/SP549-2024-17). The geomorphic predictors include catchment-restricted relief and chi maps, while the climate predictors comprise site water balance, growing degree days, and climate change velocity from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. The plant biodiversity patterns are represented by a plant richness map for 13,321 species in the Hengduan Mountains. Species-level plant range maps are available in the dataset, previously published under DOI: 10.16904/envidat.424.
Randomised trial reveals a mismatch between preferences for and hormonal responses to anthropogenic light colour temperatures
This repository contains data related to the field experiment of the WP3 (social impacts) of the ALANeX project. This project is a collaboration between the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) and Elektrizitätswerk des Kantons Zürich (EKZ). It has received funding from the WSL programme EXtremes. The overall objective of the ALANeX project was to assess the ecological and social impact of anthropogenic light at night. We conducted a randomized field experiment to compare the well-being benefits of exposure to streetlights of different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) during a 20-min stay in the centre of Richterswil, Swizerland, to explore: - the impact of exposure to streetlamps of different CCT on affect, self-reported stress and cortisol levels - the differences in impression of artificial light and of the feeling of safety provided by streetlamps based on its CCT.
Re-analyzed regional avalanche danger levels in Switzerland
The data set contains the re-analyzed (or quality-checked) regional avalanche danger levels (D_QC) for Switzerland. D_QC relates to dry-snow avalanche conditions only. Measuring the avalanche danger level D is not possible; forecast, nowcast, and hindcast assessments of D are judgments by humans interpreting data. However, combining several pieces of information indicating the same D, it can be expected that it is more likely that D_QC represents the avalanche conditions well. For the **forecasting seasons 2001/2002 until 2019/2020**, the approach to obtain D_QC is described in detail in Appendix A of [Pérez-Guillén et. al. (2022)](https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html). For the **forecasting seasons 2020/2021 and later**, D_QC is derived using the following approach: 1. *Combination of forecast (D_forecast) and nowcast (D_nowcast)*: If there was only one assessment available by an observer after a day in the field for a region, and if D_forecast = D_nowcast --> D_QC = D_forecast. 2. *Combination of several nowcast assessments (D_nowcast)*: If two (or more) observers agreed (or majority opinion) in their (independent) assessments of D_nowcast after a day in the field in the same warning region. --> D_QC = D_nowcast. 3. *Hindcast analysis (D_hindcast)*: In Switzerland, avalanche forecasters re-evaluate all situations when D = 4 (high) or D = 5 (very high) were either forecast, should have been forecast, or when forecasters discussed given one of these two levels but had not given them. Generally, two forecasters assess each situation. In these cases, D_QC = D_hindcast. The hindcast analysis, only available since the forecasting season 2020/2021, replaces what was step (2) in Appendix A of [Pérez-Guillén et. al. (2022)](https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/22/2031/2022/nhess-22-2031-2022.html). All other cases - ties in case of (1) or (2), no new information from the warning region in question, or if no D_hindcast was available - are not considered quality-checked, and are, thus, not contained in the data set. In addition to D_QC, the file contains information on the elevation and aspect, where D_QC likely prevails. - The indicated elevation is the mean of the respective elevations in (1), (2), or (3). At danger level 1 (low), when no elevation is indicated in the Swiss forecast, a value of 1500 m is set. - For the four cardinal aspects N, E, S, and W, a value of 1 means that there was agreement that D was reached in this aspect and a value of 0 means that there was agreement that D was not reached in this aspect. Intermediate values correspondingly mark disagreements in the assessments.
Experiments on stable water isotopes, snow metamorphism, and advection
Stable water isotopes (δ18O) obtained from snow and ice samples of polar regions are used to reconstruct past climate variability, but heat and mass transport processes can affect the isotopic composition. Here we present an experimental study on the effect on the snow isotopic composition by airflow through a snow pack in controlled laboratory conditions. The influence of isothermal and controlled temperature gradient conditions on the δ18O content in the snow and interstitial water vapor is elucidated. The observed disequilibrium between snow and vapor isotopes led to exchange of isotopes between snow and vapor under non-equilibrium processes, significantly changing the δ18O content of the snow. The type of metamorphism of the snow had a significant influence on this process. Ebner, P. P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Stenni, B., Schneebeli, M., and Steinfeld, A.: Experimental observation of transient δ18O interaction between snow and advective airflow under various temperature gradient conditions, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-16, accepted, 2017.
MOSAIC Snow on Sea Ice Data
Data accompanying David Wagners' Dissertation. Covers model results and various input from ALPINE3D and SNOWPACK adjusted for sea ice during MOSAiC.