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Avalanche fatalities in the European Alps (1969/1970 - 2014/2015)
During the last 45 years, about 100 people lost their lives in avalanches in the European Alps each year. Avalanche fatalities in settlements and on transportation corridors have considerably decreased since the 1970s. In contrast, the number of avalanche fatalities during recreational activities away from avalanche-secured terrain doubled between the 1960s and 1980s and has remained relatively stable since, despite a continuing strong increase in winter backcountry recreational activities. Data complementing Figure 2 in: _"Avalanche fatalities in the European Alps: long-term trends and statistics"_, by Techel, F., Jarry, F., Kronthaler, G., Mitterer, S., Nairz, P., Pavšek, M., Valt, M., and Darms, G. Data description: please refer to section 2 (Data and Methods) in the mentioned publication
Aerosol Data Davos Wolfgang
Aerosol properties were measured between February 8 and March 31 2019 at the measurement site Davos Wolfgang (LON: 9.853594, LAT: 46.835577). Optical and aerodynamic particle counters, as well as a scanning mobility particle size spectrometer and an ice nuclei counter were deployed to report particle concentrations and size distributions in fine (10-1000 nm) and coarse mode (> 1000 nm), cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (CCNCs) and ice nuclei particle concentrations (ICNCs). The ambient particles were transported via a heated inlet to be distributed to the particle detecting devices inside the setup room. Optical Particle Counter (OPC): Light scattering of a diode laser beam caused by travelling particles is used in the both, the OPC-N3 (0.41 - 38.5 μm) and GT-526S (0.3 – 5 μm), to determine their size and number concentration. For the OPC-N3, particle size spectra and concentration data are used afterwards to calculate PM₁, PM₂,₅ and PM₁₀ (assumptions: particle density: 1.65 g cmˉ³, refractive index: 1.5+i0). Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS): The APS (3321, TSI Inc.) measured the particle size distribution for aerodynamic diameters between 0.5 μm and ~20 μm by the particle’s time-of-flight and light-scattering intensity (assumptions: particle density 1 g cmˉ³). Scanning Mobility Particle Size Spectrometer (SMPS): Particle number concentrations in a size range between 12 and 460 nm (electrical mobility diameter) were measured at Davos Wolfgang, using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer (3938, TSI Inc.). The classifier (3082, TSI Inc.) was equipped with a neutralizer (3088, TSI Inc.) and a differential mobility analyzer working with negative polarity (3081, TSI Inc.). The size selected particles were counted by a water-based condensation particle counter (3788 , TSI Inc.). The TSI AIM software was used to provide particle size distributions by applying multiple charge and diffusion loss corrections (assumptions: particle density 1 g cmˉ³). Coriolis μ and DRINCZ: A microbial air sampler (Coriolis μ, bertin Instruments) was used to collect airborne particles for investigating their ice nucleating ability with a droplet freezing device. Particles larger than 0.5 μm were drawn with an air flow rate of up to 300 l minˉ¹ into the cone and centrifuged into the wall of the cone due to the forming vortex. The liquid sample was transferred into the DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ, ETH Zurich) to study heterogeneous ice formation (immersion freezing mode) of ambient airborne particles.
Planning intentions in strategic plans of European urban regions
The present dataset is part of the report titled Gradinaru S.R., Hersperger A.M., Schmid F. (2021). Deriving Planning Intentions from written planning documents. Report on CONCUR Project- From plans to land change: how strategic spatial planning contributes to the development of urban regions. The data corresponds to the data collected as part of the DPI Method for deriving all PIs contained in a plan (open coding) as detailed in section 4 of the report. The method involved reading the plans to break down of information in meaningful discrete “incidents” or planning intentions. To identify the planning intentions, the starting points were represented by a) the structuring of the plans in chapters and sub chapters and b) the themes that the plans addressed. Thus, the collected information was not grouped according to pre-defined categories of planning intentions, but rather put together as a list of intentions as revealed by each plan. As a result, we provide, for each case study, a document (named [Urban region name] PI as defined in the plan) which contains: Date when the information was filled in. Name of the urban region and analysed strategic spatial plan . A list of all planning intentions contained in a plan, with each PI being addresses as follows: Name of PI as it appears in the plan Translated name of the PI (i.e. short name for easy understanding of the meaning) Explanation regarding the meaning of the PI Why the PI is considered a priority for the urban region Spatial information on the PI (text and cartographic representations). In total, 14 documents are available, one for each case study. Documents contain up to 20 pages of information extracted from the plans together with explanations and notes taken during plan reading.
ALAN Spongy Moth Laboratory Experiment
Data and Code for ALAN Spongy Moth lab experiment In this repository you will find all the raw datasets used for the data analysis performed in our paper about the impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the development of Spongy Moth caterpillars. The files are attached as a csv file. Also attached is all the R-code later used for the statistical analysis and for generating the graphics displayed in the paper. This files are attached as an R.file.
Data on wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity in Switzerland
Raw data supporting the paper "Countrywide wild bee taxonomic and functional diversity reveal a spatial mismatch between alpha and beta-diversity facets across multiple ecological gradients". It contains taxonomic and functional metrics in 3343 community-plots distributed across Switzerland. The calculated metrics are: - Alpha taxonomic community metrics: species richness and Shannon diversity - Alpha functional community metrics: Functional richness (using the Trait Onion Peeling index, TOP), functional eveness (using the Trait Even Distribution index, TED) and the functional dispersion. - Community weighted means of 8 functional traits - The local community contributions on the functional and taxonomic beta diversity (LCBD). The dataset also includes the following: - The used predictors to model the spatial distribution of the community metrics (climate PCA, vegetation PCA, land-use metrics, beekeeping intensity). -The three types of protected areas, defined according to the protective measures. - The model evaluation, variable importance and partial dependece data.
Ceilometer Klosters
Cloud base height (m) and vertical visibility (m) were measured with the VAISALA Ceilometer CL31 in Klosters (LON: 9.880413, LAT: 46.869019). The CL31 is an instrument with constant reliability for all weather conditions and simultaneous detection of three cloud layers in heights up to 7.6 km.
Environmental layers for SDM simulations (GDPlants)
The dataset contains seven environmental layers (average annual temperature, aridity [annual precipitation divided by annual potential evapotranspiration], frost change frequency, precipitation in the driest quarter, mean diurnal temperature range, and precipitation seasonality) modified from CHELSA (https://chelsa-climate.org/) and three soil layers (soil organic matter content, pH water, and clay content) modified from SoilGrids (https://soilgrids.org/).
Photogrammetric Drone Data Dorfberg
The data was collected with a Wingtra Gen II drone and a Sony RX1R II sensor. In total, 10 flights were conducted at different dates, both in summer and winter. A DSM, an orthophoto, a snow depth raster and the original drone images from every flight are available at a high resolution (10cm and 3cm, respectively).
Long-term meteorological and snow station at 2090 m a.s.l., Stillberg, Davos, Switzerland (1975 - present)
Important This EnviDat entry is outdated. The most recent, usable version of the data can be found under the new EnviDat entry "Long-term meteorological station Stillberg, Davos, Switzerland at 2090 m a.s.l.." The entry can be found under this link <https://www.envidat.ch/#/metadata/meteo-stillberg> and with this DOI <https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.396>.
Lausanne, Switzerland: Long-term forest meteorological data from the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF), from 1996 onwards
High quality meteorological data are needed for long-term forest ecosystem research, particularly in the light of global change. The long-term data series published here comprises almost 20 years of measurements for two meteorological stations in Lausanne in Switzerland where one station is located within a natural mixed forest stand (LAB) with European beech (_Fagus sylvatica_; 160-170 yrs), European silver fir (_Abies alba_; 160-170 yrs) and Norway spruce (_Picea abies_; 160-170 yrs) as dominant tree species. A second station is situated in the very vicinity outside of the forest (field station, LAF). The meteorological time series are presented in hourly time resolution of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and wind speed. Lausanne is part of the Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme (LWF) established and maintained by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL.